Are stocks or 401k better?
The Bottom Line. For most people, the 401(k) is the better choice, even if the available investment options are less than ideal. For best results, you might stick with index funds that have low management fees.
401(k) plans are generally better for accumulating retirement funds, thanks to their tax advantages. Stock pickers, on the other hand, enjoy much greater access to their funds, so they are likely to be preferable for meeting interim financial goals including home-buying and paying for college.
The value of 401(k) plans is based on the concept of dollar-cost averaging, but that's not always a reliable theory. Many 401(k) plans are expensive because of high administrative and record-keeping costs. Nonetheless, 401(k) plans are ultimately worth it for most people, depending on your retirement goals.
Individual Retirement Accounts
With an IRA, you can invest in various securities or financial instruments. "The IRA is a great investment vehicle. However, more than 85% of investors aren't aware of all the benefits that an IRA provides.
Brokerage accounts are taxable, but provide much greater liquidity and investment flexibility. 401(k) accounts offer significant tax advantages at the cost of tying up funds until retirement. Both types of accounts can be useful for helping you reach your ultimate financial goals, retirement or otherwise.
“We believe the key thing to do is to keep your 401(k) funds invested. If you take them out of the market, you may lock in losses and could miss out on opportunities for market rebounds.”
According to Fidelity, there were 378,000 millionaires with 401(k) accounts in the second quarter of 2023, up 10% from the year-earlier period. (Fidelity also reported nearly 350,000 millionaires with IRA accounts, up 13%.)
A 401(k) is a great retirement savings account, and you should contribute enough to get your full employer match. A 401(k) has limited investment options, and distributions count in determining if Social Security is taxable. You may not be able to take the money out of a 401(k) right away if you retire early.
Age range | Average balance | Median balance |
---|---|---|
25-34 | $30,017 | $11,357 |
35-44 | $76,354 | $28,318 |
45-54 | $142,069 | $48,301 |
55-64 | $207,874 | $71,168 |
The Bottom Line. In many cases, a Roth IRA can be a better choice than a 401(k) retirement plan, as it offers more investment options and greater tax benefits. It may be especially useful if you think you'll be in a higher tax bracket later on.
Should I max out Roth or 401k first?
If you don't have enough money to max out contributions to both accounts, experts recommend maxing out the Roth 401(k) first to receive the benefit of a full employer match.
But if a 401(k) isn't an option for you, don't panic! You still have plenty of options to help you save for retirement, even without a 401(k). With plans like Roth IRAs (our favorite), solo 401(k)s, SEP-IRAs and a few more, you can still reach your retirement goals.
If you own stocks or stock funds within a traditional IRA or 401(k), you don't have to pay taxes on dividends or on stock sales (that is, on realized gains) as long as the investments remain in the account.
The tax advantages of a 401(k) begin with the fact that you make contributions on a pre-tax basis. That means you can deduct your contributions in the year you make them, which lowers your taxable income for the year. Note that this benefit applies to traditional 401(k) plans, not Roth 401(k) plans.
But just how much of your income should go toward investing? The sweet spot, according to experts, seems to be 15% of your pretax income. Matt Rogers, a CFP and director of financial planning at eMoney Advisor, refers to the 50/15/5 rule as a guideline for how much you should be continuously investing.
It is never too late to start saving money you will use in retirement. However, the older you get, the more constraints, like wanting to retire, or required minimum distributions (RMDs), will limit your options.
The five-year rule also applies to funds held in a Roth 401(k) account. So if you've had a Roth 401(k) and a Roth IRA for at least five years and you've been actively contributing to both, then the five-year rule shouldn't be an issue for rollovers. To ensure this goes smoothly, be sure to plan ahead quite a bit.
Make sure your investments are well diversified
The first thing you should do if your 401(k) or individual retirement plan (IRA) is losing money is to check that you are well diversified. You want your money distributed among many stocks, bonds, and other investment products.
The odds are the value of your retirement savings may decline if the market crashes. While this doesn't mean you should never invest, you should be patient with the market and make long-term decisions that can withstand time and market fluctuation.
There are no set ages to get into or to get out of the stock market. While older clients may want to reduce their investing risk as they age, this doesn't necessarily mean they should be totally out of the stock market.
Where is the safest place to put your retirement money?
The safest place to put your retirement funds is in low-risk investments and savings options with guaranteed growth. Low-risk investments and savings options include fixed annuities, savings accounts, CDs, treasury securities, and money market accounts. Of these, fixed annuities usually provide the best interest rates.
How much will $100k be worth in 20 years? If you invest $100,000 at an annual interest rate of 6%, at the end of 20 years, your initial investment will amount to a total of $320,714, putting your interest earned over the two decades at $220,714.
Among the 47 million households headed by someone age 60 or older, 7% had household investable assets of at least $2 million, Drinkwater said. Only 6% of the 89 million households in the U.S. headed by someone 40 to 85 years old has that amount, Drinkwater said.
By age 30, you should have one time your annual salary saved. For example, if you're earning $50,000, you should have $50,000 banked for retirement. By age 40, you should have three times your annual salary already saved. By age 50, you should have six times your salary in an account.
The more money you and your employer contribute to your 401(k), the more potential it has to grow. The other important factor influencing how quickly you accumulate money in your 401(k) retirement account is the growth of your investments, which depends on your annual rate of return.
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