Social Security Earnings Tests: 5 Things You Must Know (2024)

Social Security Earnings Tests: 5 Things You Must Know (1)

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A big reason experts advise waiting until at least full retirement age to claim Social Security: You get to skip the Social Security benefits earnings test, which hits early claimers who are still working. But there are actually two earnings tests — an annual test and a monthly test–and the second one can help early retirees leaving work midyear avoid the trap.

Here are five things you need to know about the two Social Security earnings tests, including the income thresholds the Social Security Administration set for 2024.

Social Security Earnings Tests: 5 Things You Must Know (2)

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1. Social Security earnings test for annual income

The Social Security Administration always applies the annual earnings test first. Based on that test, the agency temporarily withholds $1 of a worker's benefits for every $2 earned over $22,320 for 2024. In a year the worker hits full retirement age, the test is more generous — the worker forfeits $1 in benefits for every $3 in 2024 earnings above $59,520.

In the month a worker hits full retirement age, the annual earnings test goes away. The worker can earn whatever he or she likes, and the monthly benefit amount will be adjusted upward to take into account all benefits forfeited in the past (more on recouping lost benefits below).

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2. Social Security monthly earnings test

If you're tripped up by the annual test, you still have a shot at your full benefit. The SSA will apply a monthly earnings test and set your payments according to whichever test is better for you. "It helps people who retire in the middle of the year not to be penalized," says Jim Blair, a former Social Security district manager and a partner at Premier Social Security Consulting, in Sharonville, Ohio.

The monthly test can be used for only one year, usually the first year of retirement. And it comes into play generally for midyear retirees who have already earned more than the annual limit. Those who pass the monthly earnings test can receive 100% of their benefits for any whole month the agency considers them retired, regardless of total annual earnings.

Social Security Earnings Tests: 5 Things You Must Know (6)

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3. How the Social Security monthly earnings test works

Here's how the Social Security monthly earnings test works: If you’re under full retirement age for all of 2024, you’re considered retired in any month you earn $1,860 or less. If you reach full retirement age in 2024, you’re considered retired in any month you earn $4,960 or less.

For example, say a new Social Security beneficiary will turn 62 — the earliest age at which you can claim Social Security but yet nowhere near Social Security full retirement age — in June. He wants to retire at the end of June after making $100,000 in the first half of 2024, and he wants to start collecting Social Security benefits in July.

Based on the annual earnings test, he'd get no benefit. But in July through December, if he earns $1,860 or less each month, the monthly earnings test would open the door to full benefits. If he went over that amount in a month, then the SSA uses the $100,000 he earned through June and he would not receive a Social Security check for that month.

When retiring in the year you reach full retirement age, the earnings test only applies in the months prior to the month of your birthday. The higher threshold of $4,960 would apply if the monthly test is used in 2024. The earnings tests count only earned income from a job or self-employment; investment income, for example, and retirement-plan payouts, are ignored.

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4. Recouping benefits lost to the Social Security earnings tests

The burning question when a person loses Social Security benefits to the earnings test: When do I get my money back?

Unfortunately, you won’t get all your temporarily forfeited benefits back in a lump sum at full retirement age. Instead, your monthly benefit amount is adjusted upward in the month you hit full retirement age to account for forfeited benefits. The disappearing benefits essentially reduce the amount of time you were considered to have claimed benefits early.

Say you took benefits at age 62 instead of waiting to your full retirement age of 66, giving your benefits a haircut of 25%. If you forfeited 12 months’ worth of benefits to the earnings test, at your full retirement age, you’ll be treated as if you claimed benefits three years early, instead of four. Your lifetime benefits reduction will get slashed from 25% to about 20%. That puts more money in your check every month, and if you live long enough, you’ll recoup all the benefits the earnings test temporarily took away.

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5. Beware of receiving more in benefits than you should

If you work while claiming early benefits, call Social Security with your estimated earnings so you don't get more benefits than you’re due. “Eventually, earnings are posted to your record and they'll see they overpaid," Blair says. The SSA will want the money back — and will withhold benefit checks until the overpayment is cleared.

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Jackie Stewart

Senior Retirement Editor, Kiplinger.com

Jackie Stewart is the senior retirement editor for Kiplinger.com and the senior editor for Kiplinger's Retirement Report.

With contributions from

  • Rachel L. SheedyEditor, Kiplinger's Retirement Report
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Social Security Earnings Tests: 5 Things You Must Know (2024)

FAQs

What is the 5 10 rule for Social Security? ›

If you become disabled before your full retirement age, you might qualify for Social Security disability benefits. You must have worked and paid Social Security taxes in five of the last 10 years.

What counts as income for a Social Security earnings test? ›

Income is considered wages from an employer and does NOT include investment earnings, government benefits, interest or capital gains.

What is the 5 year rule for Social Security disability? ›

The five-year rule for work credits helps people aged 31 and older determine whether they have enough credits to qualify for SSDI. Depending on your income, you can earn up to four credits a year. In 2024, workers earn one Social Security and Medicare credit for $1,730 in covered earnings.

How do I get 40 points for Social Security? ›

You can work all year to earn four credits ($6,920), or you can earn enough for all four in a much shorter length of time. If you earn four credits a year, then you will earn 40 credits after 10 years of work. Each year the amount of earnings needed to earn one credit goes up slightly as average wages increase.

What is the 4% rule Social Security? ›

The 4% rule limits annual withdrawals from your retirement accounts to 4% of the total balance in your first year of retirement. That means if you retire with $1 million saved, you'd take out $40,000. According to the rule, this amount is safe enough that you won't risk running out of money during a 30-year retirement.

What is line 7 Social Security tips? ›

Box 7 "Social Security Tips": This is total reported tips subject to social security tax. Box 8 "Allocated Tips": This amount is not included in boxes 1,3,5 or 7. For information on how to report tips on your tax return, see your Form 1040 instructions.

What is not counted as income? ›

Nontaxable income won't be taxed, whether or not you enter it on your tax return. The following items are deemed nontaxable by the IRS: Inheritances, gifts and bequests. Cash rebates on items you purchase from a retailer, manufacturer or dealer.

At what age is Social Security no longer taxed? ›

Social Security income can be taxable no matter how old you are. It all depends on whether your total combined income exceeds a certain level set for your filing status. You may have heard that Social Security income is not taxed after age 70; this is false.

What kind of income reduces Social Security benefits? ›

When we figure out how much to deduct from your benefits, we count only the wages you make from your job or your net earnings if you're self-employed. We include bonuses, commissions, and vacation pay.

What is the 12 month rule for SSDI? ›

The 12-month duration-of-disability requirement also applies in establishing disability for SSI applicants. A medically determinable physical or mental impairment or combination of impairments must keep an adult from engaging in substantial gainful activity for at least 12 months in a row.

How much will I get from Social Security if I make $25,000? ›

For people who are earning 25,000 dollars across the year rather than the previously mentioned amount, 1,880 dollars of the benefits would have to be withheld, so the monthly benefit amount is 1,886 dollars.

What is considered to be a permanent disability? ›

Permanent disability (PD) is any lasting disability from your work injury or illness that affects your ability to earn a living.

What is the 10 year rule for Social Security? ›

If you've worked and paid Social Security taxes for 10 years or more, you'll get a monthly benefit based on that work.

How do I get the $16728 Social Security bonus? ›

Have you heard about the Social Security $16,728 yearly bonus? There's really no “bonus” that retirees can collect. The Social Security Administration (SSA) uses a specific formula based on your lifetime earnings to determine your benefit amount.

How much your Social Security check will be if you make $100000 per year? ›

If your pay at retirement will be $100,000, your benefits will start at $2,026 each month, which equals $24,315 per year. And if your pay at retirement will be $125,000, your monthly benefits at the outset will be $2,407 for $28,889 yearly.

What is the $16728 Social Security benefit? ›

Have you heard about the Social Security $16,728 yearly bonus? There's really no “bonus” that retirees can collect. The Social Security Administration (SSA) uses a specific formula based on your lifetime earnings to determine your benefit amount.

What is the Social Security spousal benefits loophole? ›

The first exception, which can be deemed as the Social Security spousal benefits loophole, works where an individual who remarries at 60 or later may still be entitled to Social Security survivors' benefits if the second marriage ends before the death of the first spouse.

At what age does Social Security stop calculating? ›

When you reach age 70, your monthly benefit stops increasing even if you continue to delay taking benefits. If you decide to delay your retirement, be sure to sign up for Medicare at age 65. In some circ*mstances, medical insurance costs more if you delay applying for it.

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